home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK00813}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{The Nature of Kidney Stones}
- $Subject{kidney stones stone kidneys Genitourinary renal colic calcium oxalate
- struvite magnesium ammonium phosphate uric acid cystine urinary tract
- infections infection bacteria urea high power shock waves}
- $Volume{J-16}
- $Log{
- Anatomy of the Kidney*0004801.scf
- Small Kidney Stones*0004802.scf
- Stag-Horn Kidney Stones*0004803.scf
- Passage of a Kidney Stone*0004804.scf}
-
- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
-
-
- The Nature of Kidney Stones
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- QUESTION: I have just recovered from a bout of kidney stones, which
- fortunately passed without my having to have surgery. We never did get a look
- at the stone, but I am now quite curious as to its nature and whether I may
- have to go through this thing again. Can you help?
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ANSWER: It is really too bad that you didn't manage to recover the stone as
- it passed, for the first step in deciding upon future treatments and your
- risks of another episode of renal colic would have been to chemically analyze
- the stone. Statistically the most common composition of renal or kidney
- stones is calcium oxalate, which occurs in 65 percent of the cases. Next most
- frequent is struvite (composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate), in 15 percent
- of the cases. Other types of stone include calcium phosphate (5%), calcium
- and uric acid (4%), uric acid (4%), and cystine (about 2%). Calcium stones
- are frequent in individuals where the urinary content of calcium is high, with
- an output of greater than 300 mg per day. Struvite stones are seen in
- patients with urinary tract infections caused by bacteria that can affect
- urea, a chemical normally found in urine. Uric acid stones are the most
- common of the noncalcium stones and are seen in conditions which produce high
- levels of uric acid in the urine, such as gout. Your chances of recurrence
- are close to 1 in 10 each year, and 75% of all patients will have at least one
- recurrence during their lifetime. You have a high risk of repeat episodes if
- you a middle aged Caucasian male, if there is a family history of renal stones
- or gout, or if you have chronic bowel disease or certain kidney disease. The
- good news is that you may never need surgery to rid yourself of these painful
- pebbles. Between 80 to 85 percent of all stones pass by themselves, and the
- development of techniques using high power shock waves to disintegrate stones
- in the body has reduced the use of open surgical procedures to less than 5
- percent. Your best course is to have a complete, relatively inexpensive
- metabolic evaluation to try and determine the cause of your stones, in the
- absence of a specimen. Such an evaluation will provide the information
- necessary to plan strategies that prevent recurrence. In the meantime keep
- fluid intake high, so that production of urine exceeds 2 liters a day. This
- will keep the concentration of stone forming materials low and help prevent
- another painful incident.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-
-